Machine learning, deep learning, Big Data, artificial intelligence... If these technical terms are still confusing today, they are in fact quite distinct. Would you like to master the workings of machine learning? How does this new AI technology work? What impact does it have on our daily work and our business? Here's a special report on machine learning to help you better understand how it works and its possible applications in customer relations.
Defining machine learning
Machine learning is an artificial intelligence (AI) technique that enables a machine to make predictions or automate tasks. To do this, this AI technology relies on algorithms to recognize recurring trends or patterns in a database. These may be digitally stored texts, numbers, images or videos.
What's special about machine learning is its ability to learn from this data history and continuously improve itself, in a totally autonomous way.
How does machine learning work?
Machine learning involves training an algorithm to recognize recurring patterns in a database. This training is called a "machine learning model". It is built in four stages:
- Prepare a set of data to feed the machine learning model, making it autonomous. This data can be labeled to facilitate the program's work and reduce the appearance of bias in predictive analysis;
- Select the algorithm, i.e. the operating method to be applied to the data set. There are different types, depending on the application;
- Train the algorithm to achieve the machine learning model. This is an iterative process that compares the variables executed with those that should have occurred. Once there are no more differences, the training of the algorithm is considered complete;
- Use the machine learning model on new datasets, and let it perfect itself in complete autonomy.
The machine learning model is therefore a program that has been trained on a training database. Once fine-tuned, the model will generate results from data it has never processed before, providing a new predictive analysis. In terms of examples, this artificial intelligence will be able to translate a text based on voice recognition, recognize a face in a photo, suggest products and services based on a search history...
What is the relationship between AI and machine learning?
Artificial intelligence aims to give a machine the ability to reason and behave like a human being. Machine learning, as a sub-category of AI, brings us closer to this goal. Indeed, it can provide answers to complex and new situations, since the machine learning system will adapt to different databases.
What are the different types of algorithms?
There are three types of AI algorithms for creating machine learning models:
- Supervised learning: the machine learns to classify labeled data, according to criteria previously determined by a human ;
- Unsupervised learning: the computer will classify the raw data according to criteria it determines for itself;
- Reinforcement learning: the computer system observes its environment and learns from its mistakes, testing different approaches to achieve its goal.
Supervised learning algorithms include classification, linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees and random forests.
In unsupervised learning, clustering, association and dimensional reduction algorithms are used instead.
Deep learning vs. machine learning: what are the differences?
Deep learning is a branch of machine learning. This technique is inspired by the human brain system. It uses a deep neural network, with the computational nodes resembling neurons and the network resembling the brain. It requires large amounts of data and computing power to train.
Widely used in speech and visual recognition, deep learning can be adapted to both supervised and unsupervised learning.
Why use machine learning?
With the rise of Big Data in the 2010s, artificial intelligence took a quantum leap forward. It has become essential to train machine learning models on vast volumes of data. The main benefit of these complex systems lies in automating tasks and predicting trends that human analysis would be unable to detect.
What are the applications of machine learning?
From healthcare to finance, artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning, is now being deployed in all fields.
Machine learning is best known to the general public for its voice assistants, such as Apple's Siri or Amazon's Alexa. These technological gems are based on natural language processing (NLP), whether in text or voice data. This is also found in chatbots(written conversational robots) and callbots(spoken conversational robots). As a result, machine learning AI systems are everywhere, in companies and in everyday life.